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NCERT Class 8th History Notes Part 2

NCERT Class 8th History Notes Part 2:-
1. Murshid Quli Khan -> Alivardi Khan -> Sirajuddaulah – as the Nawab of Bengal
2. Battle of Plassey fought between nawab of Bengal Sirajuddaulah – Robert Clive
3. Who became the Nawab of Bengal after Sirajuddaulah defeat -Mir Jafar
4. Battle of Buxar (1764) – British East India Company led by Hector Munro and the combined armies of Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daula and Shah Alam II
5. Mughal emperor appointed the Company as the Diwan of of Bengal – In 1765
6. Tipu Sultan (ruled from 1782 to 1799) modernised his army with the help of – French
7. First Anglo-Mysore War – 1767-69
8. Second Anglo-Mysore War – 1780-84
9. Third Anglo-Mysore War – 1790-92
10. Fourth Anglo-Mysore War – 1799
11. Capital of Mysore Kingdom – Seringapatam
12. Third Battle of Panipat – 1761
13. First Anglo-Maratha War 1775–1782
14. Second Anglo-Maratha War – 1803–1805
15. Third Anglo-Maratha War – 1817–1819
16. Who started the policy of “paramountcy” – Lord Hastings
17. Who revolted against British in Kitoor (in Karnataka today) – Rani Channamma
18. Who started The Doctrine of Lapse – Lord Dalhousie who was the Governor-General from 1848 to 1856
19. Doctrine of Lapse – if an Indian ruler died without a male heir his kingdom would “lapse”.
20. Which kingdom was annexed first using The Doctrine of Lapse – Satara (1848).

Class 8th NCERT History One Liner Notes

Class 8th NCERT History One Liner Notes:-
1. Duke of Connaught – Prince Arthur
2. First Governor General – Warren Hastings in 1773
3. Last Viceroy – Lord Mountbatten
4. James Mill published which book – A History of British India
5. First Map of India – James Rennel, 1782 (asked by Robert Clive)
6. The subjugation of one country by another which leads to changes in political, economic, social and cultural views. This process is called as colonisation.
7. Aurangzeb died – 1707
8. Mughal emperor at the time of 1857 revolt – Bahadur Shah Zafar
9. Bahadur Shah Zafar and his sons arrested by – Captain Hodson
10. In 1600, the East India Company acquired a charter from the ruler of England.
11. Who give sole right to trade with the East to East India Company – Queen Elizabeth I
12. Who had discovered sea route to India – Vasco da Gama, a Portuguese explorer in 1498
13. East India company primarily buys in its early days – cotton and silk produced, Pepper, cloves, cardamom and cinnamon
14. First English factory was set up in Bengal – the banks of river Hugli in 1651
15. Nawab of Bengal – Murshid Quli Khan

जैन धर्म के सभी चौबीस तीर्थंकर और उनके चिह्न या प्रतीक

जैन धर्म के सभी चौबीस तीर्थंकर और उनके चिह्न या प्रतीक

नाम चिन्ह, प्रतीक
1. श्री ऋषभदेव जी साँड़
2. श्री अजितनाथ जी  हाथी
3. श्री सांभरनाथ जी घोड़ा
4. श्री अभिनंदम जी बंदर
5. सुमतिनाथ जी पनमुर्ग़ी
6. श्री पद्मप्रभु जी लाल कमल
7. श्री सुपार्श्वनाथ जी स्वास्तिक
8. श्री चन्द्रजी प्रभु जी चांद
9. श्री सुविदीनाथ जी मगरमच्छ
10. श्री शीतलनाथ जी श्रीवत्स
11. श्री श्रीगनाथ जी गैंडा
12. श्री वासुपूज्य जी भैंस
13. श्री विमलनाथ जी सूअर
14. श्री अनंतनाथ जी फाल्कन
15. श्री धर्मनाथ जी वज्र
16. श्री शांतिनाथ जी मृग
17. श्री कुंटुनाथ जी नर- बकरी
18. श्री अरनाथ जी मछली
19. श्री मल्लिनाथ जी पानी का बर्तन
20. श्री मुनिस्वस्थ जी कछुआ
21. श्री नेमिनाथ जी नीला कमल
22. श्री अरिष्टनेमि जी शंख
23. श्री पार्श्वनाथ जी साँप
24. श्री महावीर जी शेर

Directive Principles of State Policy of India (राज्य के नीति निर्देशक सिद्धांत)

Directive Principles of State Policy in the Part IV of the Constitution of India. The idea of Directive Principles of State Policy is borrowed from the Irish Constitution. The Directive Principles are non-justiciable in nature.
Article related to Directive Principles of State Policy:-
36. Definition of State
37. Application of the principles contained in this part.
38. State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people.
39. Certain principles of policy to be followed by the state.
39A.Equal justice and free legal aid.
40.Organisation of village panchayats.
41.Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases
42.Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief
43.Living wage, etc., for workers
43A.Participation of workers in management of industries.
43B.Promotion of co-operative societies
44.Uniform civil code for the citizens
45.Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years.
46.Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections
47.Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health
48. Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry
48A.Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife.
49. Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance
50.Separation of judiciary from executive
51.Promotion of international peace and security
Important Amendments related to Directive Principles of State Policy:-
42nd Amendment Added
1. To secure opportunities for healthy development of children (Article 39).
2. To promote equal justice and to provide free legal aid to the poor (Article 39 A).
3. To take steps to secure the participation of workers in the management of industries (Article 43 A).
4. To protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wild life (Article 48 A)
The 44th Amendment
Added one more which requires the State to minimise inequalities in income, status, facilities and opportunities (Article 38).
The 86th Amendment Act of 2002
Changed the subject-matter of Article 45 and made elementary education a fundamental right under Article 21 A.
The 97th Amendment Act of 2011
Requires the state to promote voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control and professional management of co-operative societies (Article 43B).

UPSC NCERT Class 8th History Book Notes Part 4

UPSC NCERT Class 8th History Book Notes Part 4
1. In Permanent Settlement the rajas and taluqdars were recognised as zamindars.
2. Zamindars collect rent from the peasants and pay to the Company.
3. Mahal – Mahal is a revenue estate which may be a village or a group of villages.
4. Mahalwari system was introduced by – Holt Mackenzie in 1822
5. Village headman collect the revenue from the village (mahal) and pay to company. This system came to be known as the mahalwari settlement.
6. Ryots – cultivators
7. Ryotwari system was introduced by – Captain Alexander Read & Thomas Munro
8. Company directly collect the revenue from the ryots (cultivators)
9. Kalamkari prints – by weavers of Andhra Pradesh
10. Two main systems of indigo cultivation – nij and ryoti.
11. nij cultivation – produced indigo in the land owned directly or rented
12. ryoti cultivation – the planters forced the ryots to sign a contract.
13. Blue Rebellion (नील विद्रोह) – March 1859
14. Gomasthas – agents of planters

SSC UPSC Class 8th History NCERT Book Notes Part 5

SSC UPSC Class 8th History NCERT Book Notes Part 5
1. Dongria Kandha tribe – Orissa
2. Dikus – outsiders
3. Fallow – A field left uncultivated for a while to recover fertility of soil
4. Jhum cultivation – Shifting cultivation
5. Khonds tribe – Orissa
6. Baigas tribe – central India
7. Van Gujjars of the Punjab hills – were cattle herders (inhabiting the foothills of Himalayan States)
8. Labadis tribe – Andhra Pradesh
9. Gaddis of Kulu – were shepherds
10. Bakarwals of Kashmir – reared goats
11. Bewar – A term used in Madhya Pradesh for shifting cultivation
12. Mundas – of Chottanagpur
13. Nyishi tribes – Arunachal Pradesh
14. Bhil or Bheel is an ethnic group in western India
15. Revolt of Songram Sangma – in 1906 in Assam
16. Forest satyagraha of the 1930s – in the Central Provinces
17. Santhals -Jharkhand
18. Kols rebelled in 1831-32
19. Santhals rose in revolt in 1855
20. Bastar Rebellion – in central India broke out in 1910
21. Warli Revolt – in Maharashtra in 1940
22. Vaishnav – Worshippers of Vishnu

Class 8th History NCERT Book Notes for SSC UPSC Part 6

Class 8th History NCERT Book Notes for SSC UPSC Part 6
1. The method of sowing seeds in jhum cultivation is known as – broadcasting or scattering.
2. The tribal chiefs got – Land titles in central India under the British rule.
3. Peshwa Baji Rao II adopted son – Nana Saheb
4. Resented – to feel angry about something because you think it is unfair
5. Begum Hazrat Mahal along with her son Birjis Qadr – Lucknow
6. Nana Saheb – Kanpur
7. Rani Lakshmibai – Jhansi
8. Rani Avantibai Lodhi of Ramgarh – Mandla region of Madhya Pradesh
9. Ahmadullah Shah, a maulvi from – Faizabad
10. Bakht Khan – in the region of Delhi
11. Zamindar, Kunwar Singh – Bihar
12. Delhi was recaptured from the rebel forces in September 1857
13. The British Parliament passed a Act in 1858 and transferred the powers of the East India Company to the British Crown
14. Secretary of State for India was appointed
15. Governor-General of India become – Viceroy
16. Paika Rebellion of 1817 an armed insurrection by the Paikas – Odisha
17. Leader of Paika of Khurda rebellion – Bakshi Jagabandhu Bidyadhara
18. Paiko means – “foot soldiers”
19. sicca rupee – silver currency (in the region of odisha)
20. The uprising was set off on 29 March 1817 as the Paiks attacked the police station and other government establishments at Banpur .
21. Taiping Rebellion – China
22. Patola was woven in – Surat